Identification of individual and few layers of WS2 using Raman Spectroscopy
Identifieur interne : 000335 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000334; suivant : 000336Identification of individual and few layers of WS2 using Raman Spectroscopy
Auteurs : Ayse Berkdemir [États-Unis] ; Humberto R. Gutiérrez [États-Unis] ; Andrés R. Botello-Méndez [Belgique] ; Néstor Perea-L Pez [États-Unis] ; Ana Laura Elías [États-Unis] ; Chen-Ing Chia [États-Unis] ; Bei Wang [États-Unis] ; Vincent H. Crespi [États-Unis] ; Florentino L Pez-Urías [États-Unis, Mexique] ; Jean-Christophe Charlier [Belgique] ; Humberto Terrones [États-Unis] ; Mauricio Terrones [États-Unis, Japon]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
The Raman scattering of single- and few-layered WS2 is studied as a function of the number of S-W-S layers and the excitation wavelength in the visible range (488, 514 and 647 nm). For the three excitation wavelengths used in this study, the frequency of the A1g(Γ) phonon mode monotonically decreases with the number of layers. For single-layer WS2, the 514.5 nm laser excitation generates a second-order Raman resonance involving the longitudinal acoustic mode (LA(M)). This resonance results from a coupling between the electronic band structure and lattice vibrations. First-principles calculations were used to determine the electronic and phonon band structures of single-layer and bulk WS2. The reduced intensity of the 2LA mode was then computed, as a function of the laser wavelength, from the fourth-order Fermi golden rule. Our observations establish an unambiguous and nondestructive Raman fingerprint for identifying single- and few-layered WS2 films.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep01755
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 3639451
Affiliations:
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Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, México.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Current address: On leave from Advanced Materials Department, IPICYT, Camino a Presa San José 2055, Col. 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Gutiérrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="a4">These authors contributed equally to this work.</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a5">Current address: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Kentucky</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Current address: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Botello Mendez, Andres R" sort="Botello Mendez, Andres R" uniqKey="Botello Mendez A" first="Andrés R." last="Botello-Méndez">Andrés R. Botello-Méndez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)</institution>, Chemin des étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>, Chemin des étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perea L Pez, Nestor" sort="Perea L Pez, Nestor" uniqKey="Perea L Pez N" first="Néstor" last="Perea-L Pez">Néstor Perea-L Pez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elias, Ana Laura" sort="Elias, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Elias A" first="Ana Laura" last="Elías">Ana Laura Elías</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chia, Chen Ing" sort="Chia, Chen Ing" uniqKey="Chia C" first="Chen-Ing" last="Chia">Chen-Ing Chia</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Bei" sort="Wang, Bei" uniqKey="Wang B" first="Bei" last="Wang">Bei Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crespi, Vincent H" sort="Crespi, Vincent H" uniqKey="Crespi V" first="Vincent H." last="Crespi">Vincent H. Crespi</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Urias, Florentino" sort="L Pez Urias, Florentino" uniqKey="L Pez Urias F" first="Florentino" last="L Pez-Urías">Florentino L Pez-Urías</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a6">Current address: On leave from Advanced Materials Department, IPICYT, Camino a Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, México.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Current address: On leave from Advanced Materials Department, IPICYT, Camino a Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Luis Potosí</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Charlier, Jean Christophe" sort="Charlier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Charlier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Charlier">Jean-Christophe Charlier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)</institution>, Chemin des étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>, Chemin des étoiles 8, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terrones, Humberto" sort="Terrones, Humberto" uniqKey="Terrones H" first="Humberto" last="Terrones">Humberto Terrones</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terrones, Mauricio" sort="Terrones, Mauricio" uniqKey="Terrones M" first="Mauricio" last="Terrones">Mauricio Terrones</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park</institution>, PA 16802, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>, PA 16802</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA & Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST), Shinshu University</institution>, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-853, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-853</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nagano 380-853</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Raman scattering of single- and few-layered WS<sub>2</sub> is studied as a function of the number of S-W-S layers and the excitation wavelength in the visible range (488, 514 and 647 nm). For the three excitation wavelengths used in this study, the frequency of the A<sub>1g</sub>(Γ) phonon mode monotonically decreases with the number of layers. For single-layer WS<sub>2</sub>, the 514.5 nm laser excitation generates a second-order Raman resonance involving the longitudinal acoustic mode (LA(M)). This resonance results from a coupling between the electronic band structure and lattice vibrations. First-principles calculations were used to determine the electronic and phonon band structures of single-layer and bulk WS<sub>2.</sub> The reduced intensity of the 2LA mode was then computed, as a function of the laser wavelength, from the fourth-order Fermi golden rule. Our observations establish an unambiguous and nondestructive Raman fingerprint for identifying single- and few-layered WS<sub>2</sub> films.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geim, A K" uniqKey="Geim A">A. K. 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Jellinek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>Japon</li><li>Mexique</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Kentucky</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></region><settlement><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Berkdemir, Ayse" sort="Berkdemir, Ayse" uniqKey="Berkdemir A" first="Ayse" last="Berkdemir">Ayse Berkdemir</name></region><name sortKey="Chia, Chen Ing" sort="Chia, Chen Ing" uniqKey="Chia C" first="Chen-Ing" last="Chia">Chen-Ing Chia</name><name sortKey="Crespi, Vincent H" sort="Crespi, Vincent H" uniqKey="Crespi V" first="Vincent H." last="Crespi">Vincent H. Crespi</name><name sortKey="Elias, Ana Laura" sort="Elias, Ana Laura" uniqKey="Elias A" first="Ana Laura" last="Elías">Ana Laura Elías</name><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Humberto R" sort="Gutierrez, Humberto R" uniqKey="Gutierrez H" first="Humberto R." last="Gutiérrez">Humberto R. Gutiérrez</name><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Humberto R" sort="Gutierrez, Humberto R" uniqKey="Gutierrez H" first="Humberto R." last="Gutiérrez">Humberto R. Gutiérrez</name><name sortKey="L Pez Urias, Florentino" sort="L Pez Urias, Florentino" uniqKey="L Pez Urias F" first="Florentino" last="L Pez-Urías">Florentino L Pez-Urías</name><name sortKey="Perea L Pez, Nestor" sort="Perea L Pez, Nestor" uniqKey="Perea L Pez N" first="Néstor" last="Perea-L Pez">Néstor Perea-L Pez</name><name sortKey="Terrones, Humberto" sort="Terrones, Humberto" uniqKey="Terrones H" first="Humberto" last="Terrones">Humberto Terrones</name><name sortKey="Terrones, Mauricio" sort="Terrones, Mauricio" uniqKey="Terrones M" first="Mauricio" last="Terrones">Mauricio Terrones</name><name sortKey="Wang, Bei" sort="Wang, Bei" uniqKey="Wang B" first="Bei" last="Wang">Bei Wang</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Botello Mendez, Andres R" sort="Botello Mendez, Andres R" uniqKey="Botello Mendez A" first="Andrés R." last="Botello-Méndez">Andrés R. Botello-Méndez</name></region><name sortKey="Charlier, Jean Christophe" sort="Charlier, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Charlier J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Charlier">Jean-Christophe Charlier</name></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="L Pez Urias, Florentino" sort="L Pez Urias, Florentino" uniqKey="L Pez Urias F" first="Florentino" last="L Pez-Urías">Florentino L Pez-Urías</name></noRegion></country><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Terrones, Mauricio" sort="Terrones, Mauricio" uniqKey="Terrones M" first="Mauricio" last="Terrones">Mauricio Terrones</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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